Al khwarizmi brief biography of prophets

It was from the name of the author, rendered in Latin as algoritmithat originated the term algorithm. Another major book was his Kitab surat al-ard "The Image of the Earth"; translated as Geographywhich presented the coordinates of localities in the known world based, ultimately, on those in the Geography of Ptolemy but with improved values for the length of the Mediterranean Sea and the location of cities in Asia and Africa.

He also assisted in the construction of a world map for the caliph al-Ma'mun and participated in a project to determine the circumference of the Earth, supervising the work of 70 geographers to create the map of the then "known world". When his work was copied and transferred to Europe through Latin translations, it had a profound impact on the advancement of basic mathematics in Europe.

He also wrote on mechanical devices like the astrolabe and sundial. The book is considered to have defined Algebra. The word Algebra is derived from the name of one of the basic operations with equations al-jabr described in this book. A unique Arabic copy is kept at Oxford and was translated in by F. A Latin translation is kept is Cambridge.

The translation was most likely done in the twelfth century by Adelard of Bathwho had also translated the astronomical tables in Margaret J. In a book called Addition and Subtraction by the Method of Calculation of the Hindus, he introduced the idea of zero to the Western world.

Al khwarizmi brief biography of prophets: Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi

Several centuries earlier … [an] unknown Hindu scholar or merchant had wanted to record a number from his counting board. He used a dot to indicate a column with no beads, and called the dot sunya, which means empty. This gave us our word cipher. For example, for one problem he writes, from an translation. If some one says: "You divide ten into two parts: multiply the one by itself; it will be equal to the other taken eighty-one times.

Separate the twenty things from a hundred and a square, and add them to eighty-one.

Al khwarizmi brief biography of prophets: Al-Khwarizmi made several contributions to geometry.

It will then be a hundred plus a square, which is equal to a hundred and one roots. Halve the roots; the moiety is fifty and a half. Multiply this by itself, it is two thousand five hundred and fifty and a quarter. Subtract from this one hundred; the remainder is two thousand four hundred and fifty and a quarter. Extract the root from this; it is forty-nine and a half.

Subtract this from the moiety of the roots, which is fifty and a half. There remains one, and this is one of the two parts. Solomon Gandz has described Al-Khwarizmi as the father of Algebra:. Al-Khwarizmi's algebra is regarded as the foundation and cornerstone of the sciences. In a sense, al-Khwarizmi is more entitled to be called "the father of algebra" than Diophantus because al-Khwarizmi is the al khwarizmi brief biography of prophets to teach algebra in an elementary form and for its own sake, Diophantus is primarily concerned with the theory of numbers.

The first true algebra text which is still extant is the work on al-jabr and al-muqabala by Mohammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, written in Baghdad around John J. O'Connor and Edmund F. Perhaps one of the most significant advances made by Arabic mathematics began at this time with the work of al-Khwarizmi, namely the beginnings of algebra. It is important to understand just how significant this new idea was.

It was a revolutionary move away from the Greek concept of mathematics which was essentially geometry. Algebra was a unifying theory which allowed rational numbersirrational numbersgeometrical magnitudes, etc. It gave mathematics a whole new development path so much broader in concept to that which had existed before, and provided a vehicle for future development of the subject.

Another important aspect of the introduction of algebraic ideas was that it allowed mathematics to be applied to itself in a way which had not happened before. Roshdi Rashed and Angela Armstrong write:. Al-Khwarizmi's text can be seen to be distinct not only from the Babylonian tabletsbut also from Diophantus ' Arithmetica. It no longer concerns a series of problems to be solvedbut an exposition which starts with primitive terms in which the combinations must give all possible prototypes for equations, which henceforward explicitly constitute the true object of study.

On the other hand, the idea of an equation for its own sake appears from the beginning and, one could say, in a generic manner, insofar as it does not simply emerge in the course of solving a problem, but is specifically called on to define an infinite class of problems. According to Swiss-American historian of mathematics, Florian CajoriAl-Khwarizmi's algebra was different from the work of Indian mathematiciansfor Indians had no rules like the restoration and reduction.

Boyer wrote:. It is true that in two respects the work of al-Khowarizmi represented a retrogression from that of Diophantus. First, it is on a far more elementary level than that found in the Diophantine problems and, second, the algebra of al-Khowarizmi is thoroughly rhetorical, with none of the syncopation found in the Greek Arithmetica or in Brahmagupta's work.

Even numbers were written out in words rather than symbols! It is quite unlikely that al-Khwarizmi knew of the work of Diophantus, but he must have been familiar with at least the astronomical and computational portions of Brahmagupta; yet neither al-Khwarizmi nor other Arabic scholars made use of syncopation or of negative numbers. Nevertheless, the Al-jabr comes closer to the elementary algebra of today than the works of either Diophantus or Brahmagupta, because the book is not concerned with difficult problems in indeterminant analysis but with a straight forward and elementary exposition of the solution of equations, especially that of second degree.

The Arabs in general loved a good clear argument from premise to conclusion, as well as systematic organization — respects in which neither Diophantus nor the Hindus excelled.

Al khwarizmi brief biography of prophets: al-Khwārizmī (born c. —died c. )

Called takht in Arabic Latin: tabulaa board covered with a thin layer of dust or sand was employed for calculations, on which figures could be written with a stylus and easily erased and replaced when necessary. Al-Khwarizmi's algorithms were used for almost three centuries, until replaced by Al-Uqlidisi 's algorithms that could be carried out with pen and paper.

As part of 12th century wave of Arabic science flowing into Europe via translations, these texts proved to be revolutionary in Europe. It gradually replaced the previous abacus-based methods used in Europe. Four Latin texts providing adaptions of Al-Khwarizmi's methods have survived, even though none of them is believed to be a literal translation: [ 60 ].

Dixit Algorizmi 'Thus spake Al-Khwarizmi' is the starting phrase of a manuscript in the University of Cambridge library, which is generally referred to by its title Algoritmi de Numero Indorum. It is attributed to the Adelard of Bathwho had translated the astronomical tables in It is perhaps the closest to Al-Khwarizmi's own writings. Al-Khwarizmi's work on arithmetic was responsible for introducing the Arabic numeralsbased on the Hindu—Arabic numeral system developed in Indian mathematicsto the Western world.

This is the first of many Arabic Zijes based on the Indian astronomical methods known as the sindhind. In fact, the mean motions in the tables of al-Khwarizmi are derived from those in the "corrected Brahmasiddhanta" Brahmasphutasiddhanta of Brahmagupta. The al khwarizmi brief biography of prophets contains tables for the movements of the sunthe moon and the five planets known at the time.

This work marked the turning point in Islamic astronomy. Hitherto, Muslim astronomers had adopted a primarily research approach to the field, translating works of others and learning already discovered knowledge. The original Arabic version written c. It is a major reworking of Ptolemy 's second-century Geographyconsisting of a list of coordinates of cities and other geographical features following a general introduction.

As Paul Gallez notes, this system allows the deduction of many latitudes and longitudes where the only extant document is in such a bad condition, as to make it practically illegible. Neither the Arabic copy nor the Latin translation include the map of the world; however, Hubert Daunicht was able to reconstruct the missing map from the list of coordinates.

Daunicht read the latitudes and longitudes of the coastal points in the manuscript, or deduced them from the context where they were not legible. He transferred the points onto graph paper and connected them with straight lines, obtaining an approximation of the coastline as it was on the original map. He did the same for the rivers and towns.

He "depicted the Atlantic and Indian Oceans as open bodies of waternot land-locked seas as Ptolemy had done. It describes the Metonic cyclea year intercalation cycle; the rules for determining on what day of the week the first day of the month Tishrei shall fall; calculates the interval between the Anno Mundi or Jewish year and the Seleucid era ; and gives rules for determining the mean longitude of the sun and the moon using the Hebrew calendar.

No direct manuscript survives; however, a copy had reached Nusaybin by the 11th century, where its metropolitan bishopMar Elias bar Shinayafound it. Elias's chronicle quotes it from "the death of the Prophet" through to AH, at which point Elias's text itself hits a lacuna. Other papers, such as one on the determination of the direction of Meccaare on the spherical astronomy.

He wrote two books on using and constructing astrolabes. The book also discussed some methods of solving algebraic problems. Al-Khwarizmi developed a systematic approach for solving linear and quadratic equations to find unknown quantities, also called variables. He used words and abbreviations to represent unknown quantities variables. To solve the equations, he combined the terms, isolated the variables, and performed operations for simplifying the equations.

Al-Khwarizmi has contributed many things in the fields of mathematics, astronomy, and geology. It uses material from the Wikipedia article Al Khwarizmi. Al Khwarizmi Biography. He may have been born inor around ; he may have died inor around The name al-Khwarizmi means the person from Khwarizm.